On: Afrocentricity, Diop, Egypt + scholarship.



{throwback | liberatormagazine.com}

[BUMPED: due to great comments]

A close friend of mine shared with me some of his thoughts on the recent post "The Fallacies Of Afrocentrism" and the response post from Kintespace, "Flippant Remarks about 'The fallacies of Afrocentrism'". His insight is both profound and invaluable. Hopefully we can encourage him to expand these thoughts into an article for the magazine. For me this conversation is important because identity is vital. I know and love too many folks who struggle with finding theirs and often get muddled in pseudo-science in trying to find themselves. We have a responsibility to make things clear. His thoughts gave me a greater understanding of my own identity in the context of ancient African civilization and reminded me that scholarship is a process to be engaged and built upon, not a dogma:

On Diop, his imperfections and continuing his work:
My opinion (w/ some disclaimers) is this: 1) I've not honestly read Asante or Karenga yet and,
2) Diop was Diop. He did his own research and worked and challenged scholars in the field during that day. Fact of the matter is though is that M. Diop made his transition in 1986. His students are Theophile Obenga (Congo), Aboubacry Moussa Lam and Babacar Sall (both Senegal). Obenga was with him in Cairo in 1974 (UNESCO "Peopling..."), and Lam wrote his dissertation on the migrations of the Peul from Kmt [Kemet/Egypt]. Also, Cameroon has an Egyptology program at the University out there at Yaoude.

His work was profound, largely true (though he made some mistakes) and seminal; but not expert. Diop had the equivalent of 2 PhD's (one in physics and one is history). He was an eclectic scholar. But, to my knowledge, he didn't start learning glyphs until the 1970s and there is never one instance in which he cites a text which he himself translated.

Diop's work (and he hinted at this by telling Obenga that he'd never write again the topic of Egypt as an African civilization if he felt he'd "won" in Cairo) was meant as a springboard. That's exactly what folk on the continent are starting to do now. It's exactly what we need. It's easy to take shots at Diop's work 50/60 years later when 1) That's not even the whole of his first work folk are reading in English and 2) It's his first work.

On Afrocentricity as "fallacy", ancient Egypt, humanity + scholarship:
Molefi Asante and others are irrelevant. If you're not doing research with primary sources, no right to speak. Of course, Africa is characterized by much, much more than Kmt, but Kmt was a part of it: and whether black folk came from there or not -- and there's not reason why African's on the continent would, as Ann Macy Roth states look to Kmt, because it's respected by the West, when they have little to no contact with the West (i.e. It shouldn't be in their oral histories, see Peul, Songhay, Baasaa, Wolof) -- we're still who we are (that is, human).

The point of reclaiming history is to know who we are and frame our existence (Furr's point about not taking pride in our ancestors was obviously asinine). If we don't expand the discourse about African history in a meaningful way; that is learning Arabic, saving those documents and researching Kmt, oral histories, meanings behind symbols, anthropological work on pre-colonial religious practices, etc, then we've missed the boat. The truth is always better than any fantasy we could ever kick up: we owe it to our children, ourselves and our ancestors to get it right.

Romanticizing about anything is backwards. Too many of us get caught up in focusing on white folk to the point that we lose ourselves and feel that we have to evoke civilization in order to feel human. White folk ain't that important; our children are. Asante needs to feel himself relevant, so he writes his own holiday into the historical narrative. Where's the scholarship in that?

Fact is though, if we don't do the work, then cats like him get to speak 1) because he is speaking, 2) because white folk like seeing it and, 3) because it's easy for white folk to beat down. Hence we get the short end of the stick by not hittin' these cats up -- intellectually. Just prove his points wrong and move on. Or don't bother and move on anyway. Asante will always find an audience though, even among black folks because there are people who need to feel -- there's a void there. Our responsibility is to take care of that -- it's what we've been trained to do.

We have to move beyond the discourse on Afrocentrism in our work. We can point it out as fallacious, but the work has to be geared to another frontier. Otherwise folks are speaking for "us" who are really in the end only speaking for themselves. It also gives white folk the tools to beat down our self concept in front of those among us who don't have the acumen to know better, which is the true shame in all of this.

On rural living and the need for direct identity:
As Diop continually reiterates, the point of historical research is the reconstruction of historical consciousness. Example: my most profound experiences in Senegal were in the village. If anyone wants to know how African we are, just talk so someone rural. It's seriously eery to hear something and literally feel like you're amongst family members. I can't explain it. My friend just got back from Guinea and was mentioning to me how folks there did the same song and dance (i.e. catch the spirit, fall out and be covered with cloths) rituals there as black folks here do in church. I think the ultimate point of understanding where you come from is to be, historically, but really through that, spiritually grounded. Not knowing where we're from creates a serious void. Folk can chose their own paths as they please, but it's the feeling connected to something that's key. Right now we're connected to a thing we don't want to be associated with, and that's a dangerous/suicidal combination.

20 comments:

uzenzile said...
This post has been removed by the author.
rasx said...

The last paragraph above is the most important. The issue of pre-imperial wisdom-based African consciousness is not just a dogmatic fashion trend. It is by definition the most success-oriented way to live in the world. Living like a "rural" African does not mean throwing away recent advances in sciece either---so don't get it twisted.

Now for a little trivia: when the author identifies Diop's work as not "expert" then this leads my curiosity to look for who actually is the "expert." Any names?

Anonymous said...

Rasx,

When I said that Diop was not an "expert," I'm speaking to his specialization. Diop had the French-system equivalent of 2 PhD.s (physics and I believe history). The later led to his first publication, which we get a piece of in "African Origin of Civilization" (a title which is a misnomer because the main portion of that work is the translation of Nations Negres et Culture, Black Nations and Culture).

Diop's work is too far-ranging, however, to definitively prove a point. His articles mainly point to paths for research, but rarely PROVE what he's saying (outside of his assault on the racism inherent in Western "scholarship"). In short, and though I hate to say it, most of his work would be considered "popular" in a graduate-level setting (obviously there's some serious biases there, but he doesn't systematically follow through on a number of his points--and he does repeat a couple of myths, but that's only because scholarship has advanced since the time of his writing).

However, fact is, again, that it wasn't entirely meant to. His aim was to point out the high points and themes in African culture, and to inspire all Africans and members of the diaspora to pursue reclaiming their "historical conscienous"(sp). He said this clearly to a group of students in Niamey, Niger in 1984 and again soon before he died during this time in Atlanta.

Again, I love Diop and I've read most all of his books and articles. All I'm saying is that certain questions require more attention that he gave or was able to give them (specifically in reference to Kmt and the migrations thesis). He doesn't site primary sources in Egyptian until Parente Genetique, in which he lays out the link between glyphs and Wolof. (Obviously, before that he makes wonderful use of them). Take the last chapter of Precolonial Black Africa, and you'll get a hint at what I'm saying. Are his conclusions largely correct? Yes, and the more folks work, the more they have to grudgingly admit it. Can you take the mere fact that it's being said though (and even some of the sources he uses) as absolute proof of this truth? Unfortunately, no, but that's our job.

achali said...

sounds like "we are the ones we've been waiting for" in terms of identifying the "experts".

and it's an interesting notion to minimize the importance of "expert" as idol and instead to look at a body of work as something always to be improved upon.

that point is what for me provides a doorway to embracing the work of africana studies and history on a very realistic and plainly empowering level of fact and theory, (and of course letting that insight affect culture and practice) while rejecting the cultishness of afrocentricity as i've experienced it.

i think that's key in winning minds as well.

i'd much rather (and I can guess others who become disenchanted with afrocentricity feel this way) have a conversation about how to understand diop in a historical context, recognize his breakthroughs, and identify the work that still needs to be done, than have regular conversations priasing diop.

to me the former is actually true praise.

Anonymous said...

Greetings,

I have to apologize. I used the wrong word. An "expert," Diop definitely was. He did not, however, specialize in the field; hence, "specialist" is a better word.

As for names, check his students first, if you read French. They are primarily Theophile Obenga (some of his stuff has been translated, and he teaches at San Francisco State), Aboubacry Moussa Lam (all in French) and Babacar Sall (French). The last two are Senegalese, Obenga, again is Congolese. Each has a couple of students that are doing work also--I'll have to check the names though. In Cameroun, try Oum Ndigi and Gilbert Ngom (again, all in French).

For Egypt's beginnings, read Bruce B. Williams (U of Chicago). He's the only person doing that work. Also Toby A.H. Wilkinson (white guy from England).

For excavations on things in the Central Sudan (we have to link Kmt to something further south), got for Jacques Reinold and Francis Geus (both French citizens). Also, Lech Krzyzaniak (a Pole who writes primarily in English), Isbella Caneva, Elena A.A. Garcea (both Italians who write in French), M. Chilodnicki (don't know her nationality), Charles Bonnet (French national, work in French), A. J. Arkell (British, old work, but key for understanding the region, S. Hendrickx (French national, work in French), Betrice Midant-Reynes (has a key work in English, but the rest is in French), Fred Wendorf, R. Schild (both Americans), Sadr Karim (South African, who writes in English), L. Chaix (French national, working on a site called Kadruka), Rodolfo Fattovich (Italian writing in English), Anthony E. Marks (don't know nationality), Fekri A. Hassan (an Egyptian writing in English, very good source for C14 dating) and H.S. Smith (a British dude who did very key work on Nubia; see his 1991 article in "Egypt and Africa").

achali said...

"I used the wrong word. An "expert," Diop definitely was. He did not, however, specialize in the field; hence, "specialist" is a better word."

co-sign on that, although i got what u meant.

CBS said...

Interesting conversation guys. Yet, I find that though it seems like we’re all talking about the same thing, after probing a little deeper, it seems we’re working with some starkly contrasting definitional premises. This conversation vacillated from about historical identity (and its roots)→ cultural identity (and its roots) → scholarship discussing assumed cultural roots of “black” people → theories refuting Diop and his various predecessors.
I’m not going to insert my comments into the debate; however, I have some comments about the invisible power relationships that have mediated this conversation.

1) Afrocentrism is racist. Definition: racism is an institutionally backed power/ privilege system that denies certain privileges to others. When violations of institutional norms are deemed threatening to that system, punitive measures will occur.
a. Unless I’ve been living under a rock, adherents of Afrocentricity—a US African theory of “Black” cultural identity/history—are not in positions of deep structural power. For those like Asante who have the “power” to screw w/ someone dissertation, I hardly think that is on par with structural racism that has tangible punitive damages.
b. Hence, even in Asante’s wildest dreams, Afrocentricity could never be “racist.” Prejudicial, yes. Racist, never
2) Afrocentrism distorts Egyptian history as defined by “experts” and/ or “specialists.
a. Once again power: who/ what has the systematic control means to bestow the title “expert,” “specialist,” or even more basic, outline the contours of “the field.”
b. The field of “Egyptian” history…where is this Egypt? Which Egypt are we talking about? Are the current geographical boundaries of the nation-state Egypt the same as those acknowledged by the leaders Kmt. Note the different name terminology: even there, its problematic did the writers of the glyps appropriate their existence w/ the article marker of old, middle, and new?.. I sincerely doubt it…Partition of Africa 1880-1914 anyone?? (power for that…)
3) Greeks did not steal “African” culture (what the hell is and when did this “Africa” exist?). The “Mediterranean” had interfusing cultures. (LOL, the Mediterranean such an ethereal space—hasn’t even earned a space on “the” map yet)
a. Cultures are not autonomous or static units. They shift due to internal and external pressures/ fluxes. Agreed on that point
b. How can there be a stable “Greek” culture? Somehow (I’m being fictitious) it’s managed to remain autochthonous and w/o influence from “other” cultures in the region during the period in question.
4) “Egyptians” were not “black/Negroid”
a. Egypt as is the classification “black/Negroid” are social constructions.
b. Black as a racialized determination based on an assumed continent of origin did not gain currency until imperializing whiteness encountered an “African” other.
c. In the context of this conversation, Egyptians “are” black, as they are part of Africa. This is fallacious premise, but that is what it boils down to when you make arguments based on subjective 21st century definitions of race and place.
5) “Egyptians” were exploitative aristocrats (the one’s Afrocentrics revere anyway)
a. HISTORY IS ABOUT POWER. Only the ones who have the means/ minions are able to iscribe themselves in a knowable past. The means include preserving their heirlooms, documents, and artifacts. The lower-classed masses rarely are afforded this opportunity. So, in shor, don’t hate on a present people’s reverence of historical figures they can actually access. I’m pretty sure no one is perturbed by the reverence of Alexander the Great. Oh, no he killed millions of people to create the Western world. Let me hear a peep about “for the greater good.” Power obsessed I am, and rhetorically ask, “the good of whom”.
In general though, there are two other things that are problematic in conversations about the past and identity: Truth and the myth of objective science.
1) Objective science is the biggest myth. Yet, History and those who utilize history to identify their identities base it all on shifting sands of objective science. I would continue…but, there are too many bullet points to go through to get at the heart of this one.
2) Truth is always subjective. It is filtered through egotistic “I” versus “other.” There are undeniable “facts” though. (I won’t get into that here” It’s best to illustrate this through an example.
I slapped Joe –undeniable/ verifiable act (to a certain extent)
And then we ask why?
1) According to poor Joe: “She” (other) wanted to hurt me
2) According to egotistical “I”: He had a killer bee on his cheek and would’ve died if I didn’t slap the bee off his face
The interpretations of the act are typically plucked up and stamped w/ the badge of “Truth.” As the adage goes, “Until lions write their own history, the tale of the hunter will always prevail.” Ashe

Anonymous said...

Greetings,

I think the point of all of this is to get to the bottom of what happened--period. The Afrocentric paradigm does not allow for movement in thought because its fallacy is that it is/was inherently Eurocentric in its ways. Thus, it cannot break away from the way of thinking that made its creating necessary in the first place.

On the contrary, Afrocentrism, as you stated becomes inverted racism--just with another "justification." This is not the same as doing scholarly work to reconstruct a people's cultural past. Nor does the latter mean that Egyptians (or the ancient Olmecs, or whomever) need to be the nebulous "black" either. However, because the continent members of our diaspora came from was AFrica, we need to be invested in the understanding and preservation of ALL phases of its history. This is where Diop comes in.

That his students have refuted him is all a part of a scholarly process--he wouldn't have had it any other way. But, again the objective is to be GROUNDED. Thus, referring back to the same paradigm about cultural diffusion and who stole what is senseless. All this does is spiritually return black folk back to the same paradigm that got us here and underscores ultimately our own insecurity as a people. We deserve and owe ourselves better than this.

In this vain, I cannot agree that history is ultimately about power. It is clear that this is the ends to which it's generally been used, however, to limit the idea of telling one's own story to simply a contrived means of stroking your own ego is narrow. It's about being as honest as possible--once we start lying to ourselves, we've lost out to white people.

Kmt or no Kmt Africans still have, act on and have to in this time own our own humanity. This is what knowing where you come from is about. Further, fact of the matter is that the space we exist in now it not one that allows us the freedom of not getting it right. There's too many people outside of the diaspora studying it for this to happen, which is why we need to take control of it.

One last point is about the definition of an "expert" or "specialist." This was used to beat Diop over the head in his day, even though everything since then has proved the major part of this thesis. So, to part of it, we clearly must agree. HOwever, the Afrocentrist paradigm feeds off of spurious attributions and basically just not getting it right. It's the weaving of myth in order to paint yourself into history in a "favorable" manner--this, again is what Europeans have been doing from some time now. Our collective humanity means that for anyone to do that hurts everyone, firstly. Secondly, and more importantly though, we're at a point where we can make determinations based on solid factual grounds. That truth is subjective is bs. There may be two ways of perceiving an event and people may not always be able to get to the bottom of said event coming back afterwards, but that doesn't mean that said event went down differently. This is fallacious and opens up room for the type of work that Afrocentrism has put forth. "Specialists" work with primary source information and sources dictate the power of our arguments, not ones titles. Thus, we need "specialists" in order to put our history together, not for the superficial nexus that the West has used it for. Ignoring our history, which the prior comment almost seems to put forth is not, nor can it be, an option. The entire point of our work is to define what it correct on its own terms. This means taking into account colonial boundaries (conceptual and other) and accentuating all things pre-colonial (i.e., all them, as much as possible, to speak for themselves). I think our children and our ancestors deserve this much.

ElectricLadyLike said...

"Kmt or no Kmt Africans still have, act on and have to in this time own our own humanity. This is what knowing where you come from is about. Further, fact of the matter is that the space we exist in now it not one that allows us the freedom of not getting it right. There's too many people outside of the diaspora studying it for this to happen, which is why we need to take control of it."

"Ignoring our history, which the prior comment almost seems to put forth is not, nor can it be, an option. The entire point of our work is to define what it correct on its own terms."

Nuff said Anonymous.

I think our children and our ancestors deserve this much."

true indeed

Brother OMi said...

thank you so much for this. finally i get to see a post and comments about afrocentricity and Diop that do not have us bashing at one another.

I agree, Diop's work has been underrated and not really followed up even though folks like Dr. Charles Finch has continued his work despite the fact that Finch is a biologists.

The problem with Asante is correct, dude refuses to follow the proper academic route and like many afrocentric scholars, do not translate the glyphs themselves. they get tertiary translations.

i will point out that Diop urged folks like Chancellor Williams, Asa Hilliard, and others to take their scholarship to KMT when they were all in West Africa. Claude Anderson of ASCAC told me this.

Maryam standing with Warrior Nnamdi at 92nd ASALH said...

As-salaam alaykum Achali,

Your post on fighting racism and defending whiteness isn't open to comments, but by not striking back you showed the "kids" how to stay calm, which is what you'd said you were doing when you stepped in in the first place. Good job.

As for African-centered scholarship, you ought to look at Jedi Shemsu Jehewty (Jacob Carruthers) "Intellectual Warfare." As he points out the 19th century Western African scholars who were trained in Greek and Latin came to similar conclusions as Diop, so the importance of Kmt to African people cannot be dismissed. Jedi Shemsu Jehewty (Carruthers) points out that Martin R. Delany came to similar conclusions from his own primary study of Mdw Ntr.

Of course, Jedi Shemsu Jewhety gives Diop primary place because of his research.

Aho, Asante

Maryam

achali said...

comments opened on that post now. sorry about that. thought i had done that.

Anonymous said...

Achali,

Could you put your comment in with the rest of the discussion? I'd appreciate it.

CBS said...

These words are directed toward Recent Anonymous’ comments. Let me clarify by engaging some of your points. Thank you, it helps me think through some muddled concepts.

“the point of all of this is to get to the bottom of what happened—period”

“what really happened” is always subjective. The moment a person observes a thing happening, they are filtering it through their own personal, subjective experiences. That is inevitable. Ex., Woman prepares meal→ woman places meal in bag¬→woman leave bag of food beneath tree, does some murmuring and walks away. Observer interpretation: woman has thrown away food, woman leaves foods for homeless lover, woman is feeding ancestral deities of voodoo. Which observation is “what happened.” Through what world cosmology has this interpretation “logically” derived from? Is that objective?


“On the contrary, Afrocentrism, as you stated becomes inverted racism--just with another "justification.”

If we are going to do the “work” to effectively engage the Intellectual Warfare as articulated by Baba Caruthers, we’re going to need to have some solid definitions of words. Racism: system of power. Dominant members of enclosed system (read: society, cultural group, nation-state, etc) have exclusive access to vital resources and limit access to those different from members of dominant group. The dominant group MUST be able to defend those resources and exert punitive recourse against those who intend to transgress the boundary lines etched out by the dominant group.

Afrocentrism and its adherents/architects do not have such an apparatus. Afrocentrism is a burgeoning (and, as suggested by this conversation) non-receptive, and reactionary ideology. It’s highest potential is limited to 12% of an already ideologically fragmented and heterogeneous group of people. In other words, African Americans are 12% of the US population and to suggest, even in the wildest dreams of Afrocentricist, that 12% of a population w/o arms, structural organization, economic clout and concrete ties to one another can practice/ influence “inverted racism” is illogical. Prejudicial might be the better word.


“All this does is spiritually return black folk back to the same paradigm that got us here and underscores ultimately our own insecurity as a people. We deserve and owe ourselves better than this. In this vain, I cannot agree that history is ultimately about power. It is clear that this is the ends to which it's generally been used, however, to limit the idea of telling one's own story (subjective) to simply a contrived means of stroking your own ego is narrow (nice definition of written history, btw). It's about being as honest (subjective) as possible--once we start lying to ourselves, we've lost out to white people.”( would be nice to think beyond the binary line, but how this further the point that history IS about power?)

Let’s not conflate, it then becomes empty rhetoric—we have work to do.
Spirituality, history, and “what really happened” are not the same. Spirituality deals with the non-material, human spirit, or soul…that is as far as I dare to venture into that. Thus for a diverse people to “spiritually return” to anything is sounding dangerously essentialist…echoes of reverse social Darwinism to me ☺ (thanks for posting the Darwin Achali). Spirituality and essentialism are beyond my concern when it comes to recording and interpreting the past.

History is about power. Even before it gets written, as our woman w/ the cooked meals demonstrated before, it gets loaded w/ a bunch of subjectivities. But, let me try to outline some points masterfully articulated by Michel-Rolph Trouillot in Silencing the Past: historical records are kept by those w/ means to do so (aka, powerful people are able to maintain records, put them in pretty buildings called archives, museums, universities, etc).
Recent Anonymous said:
“Secondly, and more importantly though, we're at a point where we can make determinations based on solid factual grounds.”—What of the facts that we cannot get a hold of???
Historical records are made by historical actors who have the power to do so (aka, the poor dead lion cannot leave his side of the story now can he…?). Historical records are accessed according to what narratives are privileged by those doing history (aka, powerful people—those w/ access to literacy, library cards, money to make copies, language polyglot-ness—write and disseminate history). A more tangible example of how interpreters of history are power-ed/ privileged subjects: this conversation, why is it about afrocentricity rather than indigisme or womanism—random examples, but the fact that we have given this topic importance reveals something about why which histories are written. The collective subjectivity of this space is powerful and we’re writing our story into history…no? The obscurity of indigisme and negritude in these conversations exemplifies another power dynamic I’ll only hint at—(ok, ok, it’s the supremacy of English in Euro-American spaces, ouch that one hurt me too, but just a little bit. ) If history is not considered the realm of the powerful, why is Diop silenced as the “crazy” (read: non-specialist) uncle??

The paradigm that rendered black humanity non-existential is, once again, unfortunately the only tools we have to use. Another extension of the power of spoken, written, “thought” language. Though, I have my qualms about afrocentricity, negritude (Farewell Cesaire), indigisme, and other black liberation philosophies, I must respect the visionary-ism of the people who are bold enough to dare to envision alternate cultural histories of a people and disseminate to their descendants and peers.
All this talk about insecurity, underscoring our humanity, and we deserve better is best left to the demagogues who convene at the State of Black America events. It spurs excitement, but doesn’t eradicate anything. All these things we already know…ok, now what??? Appealing to the emotions of an audience doesn’t get the work done.

“This is what knowing where you come from is about.”
Where you came from? When? Where? And who? And please not the symbolic constructed “Africa.” If we really want to start having conversation about where we “come from,” how about starting from the local. As in, mom, dad, auntie, bro, tell me y(our) history. How are we linked? Why do we continue to be linked? Let’s start from the micro and claim some ownership in that (security-building exercise). Tell me why you continuously struggle against the obstacles you do… No, no, of course, not, we’re too busy engaging a supra-imposed paradigm of alleged history-lessness of a “people” and leave our closest ancestors to the wayside. That fight is more romantic and noble…poor grandma, I never realized she was a …. Or that she… and that she felt… But, alas, engaging the binary paradigm is privileged and, oh, so POWER-ful that is blinds us to our local history. Dayum.

And someone w/ more spiritual acumen than I, what is our “collective humanity?” And what does that have to w/ attaining a history that is subjectivity-free?

achali said...

@ Anonymous:

Which comments? I was just referring to a post on a different topic that Maryam asked about... it had closed comments, now they are opened.

achali said...

there's A LOT there CBS.

i need to come back to much of it. just wanted to throw in there that i learned the [race = prejudice + power] argument long ago and it confuses me so i discarded it.

if we want to make it a theory then fine. but the English language doesn't define race that way, so as long as we speaking English we are (I am) gonna be confused.

i think the term white supremacy might have more potential in trying to articulate the bond that your talking about between... race and power.

sidenote: to be clear with eachother... i don't think "greetings" [what i'm calling anonymous] was dismissing diop. in fact that more balanced perspective on diop is what is needed i feel. and it helps me understand diop much better rather than take his works as biblical text and start a cult in harlem based on "the african origins of civilization"

Anonymous said...

CBS,

I have to correct myself on a couple of points and thank you. The point of telling one's own history having to do with power is 100% correct. That the uses and ideologies behind that have to be hierarchical, fanciful and oppressive is another issue. I think this latter point is where Afrocentrism misses the boat and where we need to start.

As for the very last remark, thank you. That's exactly what I believe our entire project is. It's equally suicide to jump over the c. 400 years we've been here and look beyond our immediate situation to define our humanity based on someone else's standards (although studying those cultures obviously isn't inherently Eurocentric b/c they themselves were African; just the work has to be done to get it as close to correct as possible).

The object, however, is to put things in context and I think this is where we need to be clear. Michael A. Gomez in "Exchanging Our Country Marks" (UNC Press) does this very well. He's able to outline cultures/culture groups within the West/West-Central African regions that were brought to different areas of the U.S. at different times and point out the ways in which their cultural background on the continent would have meshed with the jobs they were forced to do and the other groups they were placed with and how that could have interplayed with the structures set up by the institution of enslavement in the U.S.

This for me is not fanciful. We may not can flesh out every last nuance the way it actually happened, but we can put ourselves in context. African people came here with vase cultural and socio-economic and political backgrounds (i.e., we were members of a much wider context). That background was not singular even within communities of departure. Much less was it singular the outside of them. This said, the interface that brought African peoples into what we now know as 'Black-folk' needs to be at the top of our list of things to study. Why? Because it sheds light on how we became to be who we are, and puts us (meaning our entire line of people we're connected to) into a larger process that is not defined by our oppressor, but rather b/c we exist.

Truth of the matter though is that there were larger politico-economic nexuses functioning on the continent before and after the coming of the first Europeans. This too needs to be worked out for general world history and for us to see Africa for what it really is. I don't believe that Black-folk today don't have a massive void due to our lack of knowledge of the African continent. That's where we came from and not having something to connect us to (in addition to people not owning their present communities) is dangerous. ("If you start your history with slavery, everything else looks like progress.") Nor, however, do I believe that our immediate ancestors (the generation or two right before us) had quite the same type of issues with self definition as we did. This is because of exactly what you pointed out--they were connected to each other.

Therefore, I THINK THE TWO IDEA MERGE. We can't define our humanity via other peoples' eyes; however, in retracing it, I firmly do not believe that this detaches us from an appreciation of our family histories and circles. Rather, they are one and the same. Unless Black-folk start retracing our genaeologies (sp.) in mass, the best we can do is to hit up regions and work things out from there. Again, though, that point of departure still fits into a larger time/space context; hence a wider study of African history (i.e., start at the beginning in every region, which also necessitates that we stop the dogmatic adherence to only focusing on Kmt and the like).

I don't want this to be too long, but lastly, I do not believe in this idea of relative truth with regards "what really happened." Fact of the matter is people forget, see things differently, etc. Can this always be figured out after the fact? No. Will the recorders always be privy to those dynamics when recording? Of course not. But, we have to admit to that margin for error and move on. Otherwise it appears as if we're saying it doesn't matter and nothing could be further from the truth. African-American studies (i.e., studies of and by Black-folk on the home-front) should be augmented by our study of the continent, and, when dealing with later era, vice-versa. Neither one ought to trump the other though... peace

Anonymous said...

Greetings,

Right quick: "Collective humanity" means humanity at-large, so everyone. It was written in the context stating that Afrocentrism uses White-supremisist paradigms in an African form. This, I firmly believe erodes the humanity of those who subscribe to it.

Linked to this idea, however, we need to be clear (and thank you Achali) that racism does not equal power. If race is the theory that people are inferior based on physical (and this has expanded in some ways to cultural) characteristics, then racism is to believe in this theory. Therefore, Black-folk are very capable of being racist. This requires no power at all and unless we recognize that, Black-folk run a serious risk of falling into the same trap white people have--and yet not even be aware of it.

CBS is entirely correct, however, again. We cannot look beyond ourselves to seek humanity on someone else's terms based on something that happened before we were born. We also cannot, however, behave as if those events do not form the context from which all present things emerged or as if we do not own a right to that history. No one in their right mind would pass up the chance of studying their family history. Black-folks family history, however, doesn't stop on these boarders. We're a part of something bigger. We're "American" only with a hyphen and a twist--our cultural and genaelogical antecedents take us back to else where. We owe it to ourselves to fill in those gaps, as a matter of specificity.

Lastly, Pan-Africanism, which I think is at the heart of this, was forced on Black-folk. We came here as separate groups and had to make ourselves one b/c we had a common oppressor. That fact is still the case, however, and this, at least for me, is the driving force behind our work. We are b/c we say we are--that defines our humanity (please, don't get what I'm about to say twisted). Our most immediate ancestors are part of something wider. this does not take from their humanity, however. there's just a wider story involved and we all exist on that plane. This is true for all members of the Diaspora.

Our work is meaningless though if we don't take it to the level of the present (thank you again CBS for underscoring that). We have to be able to effect change on a local level. We also have to continue studying our communities on that local/micro, and then state/maybe sub-macro and Diasporic/maybe super-macro level. Long family histories, syncretization common oppressions and Pan-Africanism these link us, I think regardless.

The problem remains though that we are from Africa and, given that we've at some point lost (and are now trying to regain) the power to tell our own history, our children are either being taught that this Africa from which they came was not whole or simply not being informed about it and how they (meaning our most immediate ancestors) connect to it. That can't be. Filling in those gaps can only lead you in one direction, towards the present. That requires as much specificity as we can get (and we're not going to get all of it, especially dealing with largely oral cultures) from as large a time/space nexus as possible. Y'all tell me what you think... peace

Brother OMi said...

man i forgot about this debate
this is the FIRST time online that i found a group critical of Afrocentricity and we weren't shouted out of the chat..
dope

achali said...

and i love how this post turned into a liberator cover story... absolutely love it. just witnessing the train of thought become organized thought and permeate outwards... dope.

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